Using Microsoft Excel with JAWS: A Comprehensive Guide
What is Microsoft Excel?
Microsoft Excel is a powerful spreadsheet application designed to help you organize, analyze, and visualize data. It’s widely used across many fields for tasks such as:
Budgeting: Create detailed budget sheets to track income and expenses, calculate totals, and manage your financial planning.
Data Analysis: Analyze data trends, generate reports, and make informed decisions using Excel’s data manipulation and calculation functions.
Project Management: Keep track of project milestones, assign tasks, and manage timelines using Excel’s structured grid format.
Personal Planning: Plan personal activities, manage schedules, and organize information like meal plans and travel itineraries.
With these applications in mind, let’s explore how to navigate and utilize Excel effectively with JAWS.
Excel Layout
In Excel, the fundamental structure is organized around a “workbook,” which is essentially the file itself. Each workbook can contain multiple “sheets,” often referred to as worksheets, allowing users to segment their data logically. Within each sheet, information is arranged in a grid of rows and columns, where individual cells hold data or formulas. This layout facilitates easy referencing; for instance, data in one sheet can be linked or referenced in another, enabling users to create comprehensive analyses and maintain organized workflows. This interconnectedness among sheets enhances the overall functionality and flexibility of Excel, making it a powerful tool for data management.
Excel for JAWS Users
Screen reader users often encounter significant challenges when trying to read or access Excel workbooks. One primary difficulty lies in the complex structure of spreadsheets, where information is organized in rows and columns that can become disorienting without proper context. JAWS may struggle to convey relationships between data points effectively, making it hard for users to discern the meaning behind figures or the intent of the layout. Additionally, features like merged cells, formulas, and conditional formatting can further complicate navigation and interpretation, leading to frustration and decreased productivity.
Usability and accessibility issues are heightened when authors of spreadsheets neglect to consider screen reader compatibility; poorly labeled headings, lack of meaningful alternative text, and the absence of clear organization can create barriers that are difficult to overcome. This often results in a sense of exclusion, as users may feel that the tools designed to assist them fail to meet their needs. Ultimately, enhancing the accessibility of Excel workbooks requires a commitment from content creators to adopt best practices, ensuring that all users can engage with data effectively and meaningfully.
Navigating Through an Excel Workbook
Moving Between Cells
Use the arrow keys on your keyboard to move from cell to cell. JAWS will read the content of the active cell.
For detailed information about the cell, such as its address, press INSERT+UP ARROW. This command provides information about the current cell, which is useful for orientation.
Switching Between Sheets
To move to the previous sheet, press CTRL+PAGE UP.
To go to the next sheet, press CTRL+PAGE DOWN.
On laptops without a dedicated number pad, use FN+ALT+LEFT ARROW and FN+ALT+RIGHT ARROW.
You can also use the JAWS shortcut INSERT+CTRL+S to open the sheet switcher, then use the up and down arrows to select the desired sheet.
Creating and Saving a Workbook
Creating a New Workbook
You can open a new workbook directly by using the same procedure for creating a folder from the folder context menu. Alternatively, you can create a new workbook directly from the application. To do this, open Excel, press ALT+F, then N, and choose “New Workbook” from the context menu.
Saving Your Workbook
Press CTRL+S to open the Save As dialog. JAWS will guide you through naming your file and selecting a save location. Type your desired file name, choose the location, and press ENTER to save.
Formatting Text
Basic Formatting
Bold: Press CTRL+B to bold selected text.
Italicize: Press CTRL+I to italicize selected text.
Underline: Press CTRL+U to underline selected text.
JAWS will announce these formatting changes as they are applied.
Adjusting Font Size and Color
Press CTRL+1 to open the Format Cells dialog. Navigate to the Font tab using JAWS to adjust font size, color, and other settings.
Text Alignment
Press ALT to access the ribbon. Use the arrow keys to navigate to the Alignment options to set horizontal and vertical alignments.
Managing Sheets
Adding a New Sheet
Press SHIFT+F11 to insert a new sheet. JAWS will confirm when a new sheet has been added.
Renaming a Sheet
Press ALT+H to go to the Home tab, then press O for Format options, and choose “Rename Sheet.” Enter the new name, and JAWS will confirm the change.
Hiding and Unhiding Rows/Columns
Hide Rows: Select the rows and press CTRL+9.
Hide Columns: Select the columns and press CTRL+0.
Unhide Rows: Select the rows surrounding the hidden rows and press CTRL+SHIFT+9.
Unhide Columns: Select the columns surrounding the hidden columns and press CTRL+SHIFT+0.
JAWS will notify you when rows or columns are hidden or visible again.
Editing Cell Content
Editing Without Overwriting
To edit the content of a cell without overwriting it, select the cell and press F2. This allows you to modify the existing content while keeping the current data intact.
Working with Formulas
Basic Calculations
Using basic arithmetic functions like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and percentages in Excel with JAWS involves a few straightforward steps. First, navigate to the cell where you want to perform the calculation. To enter a formula, start by typing the equal sign (=), followed by the desired operation. For addition, use the plus sign (+), for subtraction the minus sign (-), for multiplication the asterisk (*), and for division the forward slash (/).
For example, to add values in cells A1 and A2, you would type =A1+A2. JAWS will read back the formula as you enter it, allowing you to confirm that it’s correct. To calculate a percentage, you can multiply a number by a percentage in decimal form. For instance, to find 20% of a value in cell A1, you would enter =A1*0.2.
After completing your formula, press ENTER to calculate the result. JAWS will then read the resulting value aloud, helping you verify your calculation. Remember to utilize JAWS shortcuts and navigation keys to efficiently move between cells and access different functionalities within Excel.
Using the SUM Formula
To sum a range of cells, navigate to the cell where you want the result. Type =SUM(, select the range of cells, close the parenthesis, and press ENTER. JAWS will read out the result.
Mohammad Zaripour